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Updated: Jan 27 2017

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

Snapshot
  • An 11-year-Photoold boy presents to clinic with a red, maculopapular rash on his feet. He complains of having a fever and feeling "tired" the day before and having a sore throat. Physical exam reveals pharyngeal erythema and a few vesicles. He has a similar rash on his palms.
Introduction
  • Common illness in childhood caused by infection with Coxsackie A virus (enterovirus)
  • Presents first as prodrome sequence followed by classic rash
  • Usually self-limited
Presentation
  • Symptoms
    • prodrome
      • mild fever
      • poor appetite
      • malaise
      • sore throat
        • oral sores develop 1-2 days after fever onset
        • begin as small red spots that blister and ulcerate
        • usually located on the tongue, gums, and inside of cheeks
        • very painful
    • rash
      • develops over a period of 1-2 days following prodrome
      • flat or raised red spots with some blistering
      • not itchy
      • usually located on the palms and soles, as well as in the mouth
  • Physical exam
    • as above
Evaluation
  • Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical observations and patient history
Differential
  •  Other viral exanthems
Treatment
  • Medical management
    • observation alone
      • rash is self-limited in almost all cases and clears in about one week
    • no specific treatment is available for this or other enterovirus infections
    • symptomatic treatment
      • may be indicated in some cases
        • acetominophen for fever and aches
        • topical anesthetic gel for mouth ulcers
Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications
  • Prognosis
    • excellent
    • all patients generally recover within 5-7 days of rash
  • Prevention
    • frequent handwashing, especially after diaper changes
    • quarantine from other children during first few days of illness to prevent transmission
  • Complications
    • none
Private Note

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