Snapshot A 66-year-old man presents to his primary care physician due to worsening shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. Medical history is significant for type II diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with his last eGFR reading at 85 mL/min/1.73 m2. He has yet to need dialysis. Laboratory testing is significant for a hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL and an eGFR of 55 mL/min/1.73 m2. After further evaluation of non-renal causes of anemia, it was determined that erythropoietin should be added to his treatment regimen to improve his symptoms. Introduction Immunosuppressants Medication Mechanism of Action Clinical Use Aldesleukin IL-2 product which leads to proliferation, differentiation, and recruitment of T-, B-cell, and NK cells Metastatic renal cell carcinoma Metastatic melanoma Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) Stimulates erythroid progenitor cells to divide and differentiate Anemia Filgrastim Granulocyte colony stimulating factor which results in neutrophil proliferation, differentiation, and activation Recovery of leukocyte count and bone marrow Sargramostim Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor which results in neutrophil and monocyte proliferation, differentiation, and activation IFN-α Multiple effects Chronic hepatitis B and C Malignant melanoma Condyloma acuminatum Hairy cell leukemia Kaposi sarcoma IFN-β Multiple sclerosis IFN-γ Chronic granulomatous disease Romiplostim (thrombopoietin) A thrombopoietin (TPO) analog that acts on the TPO receptor to ↑ platelet count Thrombocytopenia Eltrombopag A TPO agonist that leads to ↑ platelet count Thrombocytopenia Oprelvekin (IL-11) A thrombopoietic growth factor that results in ↑ platelet count Thrombocytopenia