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Updated: Nov 17 2015

Herpes Gestationis / Pemphigoid Gestationis

Snap Shot
  • A 26-year-old G1P0 female at 36 weeks gestation presents to her obstetrician with a 2 day history of abrupt onset of extremely pruritic and urticarial papules and blisters on the abdomen and trunk. She states that the itching has got so bad that it is interfering with her every day life.
Introduction
  • Pruritic blistering dermatologic disorder unique to pregnancy
    • NOT associated with past or present herpes infection 
    • onset
      • T2-postpartum
    • characterized by severe pruritis
    • lesions are erythematous papules, vesicles, and bullae
    • distribution
      • abdomen
      • extremities
      • generalized
  • Epidemiology
    • US incidence
      • 1:50,000-60,000 pregnancies
  • Mechanism and pathophysiology
    • autoimmune bullous dermatosis
    • pathophysiology
      • antibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins
      • undetermined trigger
  • Associated conditions
    • other autoimmune diseases such as
      • Hashimoto's thyroiditis
      • Grave's disease
      • pernicious anemia
  • Prognosis
    • increased incidence of fetal morbitity and mortality
    • increased risk of 
      • low amniotic fluid 
      • preterm labor
      • IUGR
      • maternal development of Grave's disease
Presentation
  • Symptoms
    • pruritic papules and pustules characteristically periumbilical
  • Physical exam
    • inspection
      • erythematous urticarial patches and plaques
      • progress to tense vesicles and blisters 
Evaluation
  • Labs
    • some labs may be elevated
      • IgG
      • ESR
      • acute phase reactants
      • antithyroid antibodies
  • Diagnosis
    • clinical presentation
    • histoloigic findings of subdermal blister process 
    • direct immunofluorescence showing linear C3 deposition on basement membrane
Treatment
  • Overview
    • goals
      • relieve pruritis
      • supress extensive blister formation
    • treatment can be difficult and can take weeks to months to resolve
  • Conservative
    • tepid baths
    • warm compresses
  • Pharmacologic
    • topical steroids and antihistamines
      • indications
        • mild cases
    • systemic corticosteroids
      • indications
        • more severe cases
Question
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Private Note