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Updated: Feb 7 2016

Gastrointestinal Medications

Gastrointestinal Drug Introduction
  • Gastrointestinal medications can be broken down into the following categores
    • antidiarrheals
    • antiemetics
    • H2 antagonists
    • proton pump inhibitors
    • other antiulcer medications
    • laxitives
Gastrointestinal Drug Table
 
Antidiarrheals
Name Mechanism of Action  Key Indication  Key Toxicity
Lomotil (diphenoxylate + atropine)
  • Opioid agonist + anti-muscarinic
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Dry eyes, mouth, skinv
  • Urinary retention
Loperamide
  • Opioid agonist
  • Constipation
Antiemetics
Dimenhydrinate
  • 1st generation antihistamine
  • Nausea/Vomitting
  • Vertigo (ondansetron)
  • Gastroprokinetic (metoclopramide)
  • Motion sickness (scopolamine)

  • Sedation
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Dry eyes, mouth
Ondansetron
  • 5-HT3 antagonist
  • Headache
  • Torsades
  • QT prolongation
  • Constipation
Prochlorperazine
  • D2 antagonist
  • Dystonia
  • Parkinsonism
  • Akathisia
  • EPS
Metoclopramide 
  • Central D2 + 5-HT3 antagonists
  • Peripheral 5-HT4 agonist
  • Parkinsonian symptoms
  • EPS
Scopalamine 
  • Muscarinic antagonist
  • Sedation
Promethazine
  • 1st generation antihistamine
  • α-antagonist
  • Anti-cholinergic properties
  • Sedation
  • Dry mouth, eyes
  • Dystonia
  • Parkinsonism
  • Akathisia
  • EPS
H2 Antagonists
Cimetadine
  • H2 blocker
  • Gastritis/GERD
  • Anti-androgen
  • P450 inhibitor
  • Decreased creatinine clearance
Famotidine
  • Sedation
Ranitidine 
  • Decreased creatinine clearance
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Lansoprazole
  • Irreversible parietal H+/K+ ATPase inhibition
  • Gastritis/GERD
  • P-450 inhibition
  • Increased risk of C. diff infection
  • B12 and Mg2+ deficiency
Omeprazole 
Other Anti-Ulcer
Simethicone
  • Coating agent
  • Decreases surface tension of gas bubbles (simethicone)
  • Gastric ulcer
  • GI symptoms
Sucralfate
  • Constipation
  • Flatulence
  • Headache
Carafate
Laxatives 
Bulk-forming laxatives (psyllium, methylcellulose, fiber supplements)
  • Bulk-forming
  • Draws in water to gut lumen
  • Constipation
  • Bloating
Osmotic laxatives (magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol) 
  • Increases osmotic load in gut lumen drawing in water
  • Decreased deep tendon reflexes (Mg2+)
  • Diarrhea
  • Alkalosis
Stimulant laxatives (senna, bisacodyl)
  • Stimulates enteric nerves causing colonic contraction
  • Diarrhea
Emollient laxatives (mineral oil, docusate)
  • Osmotic draw into gut lumen
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